Jurnal Kesehatan

Identification Target Genes for Potential Biomarkers in Endometriosis from Transcriptomics Database

Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Endometriosis is a common benign gynecological disease characterized by the ectopic growth of endometrial tissue. Its pathogenesis is influenced by complex genetic and epigenetic factors, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. This study aimed to identify molecular pathways and candidate genes associated with endometriosis using transcriptomic data. Three datasets (GSE7307, GSE23339, and GSE25628) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 339 intersecting DEGs were obtained and subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. The results indicated enrichment in biological processes related to epithelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis, cellular components associated with the lysosomal lumen and extracellular matrix, and molecular functions involving Wnt-activated receptor activity and low-density lipoprotein particle binding. Ten genes (TAGLN, C7, TCF21, GATA6, GPC3, FZD7, TCEAL2, KLF2, FMO1, and HOXC6) were identified as potential candidate biomarkers. These findings provide preliminary molecular insights into endometriosis and may support future experimental and clinical studies for biomarker development.

Tuberculosis Prevention Measure from an Environmental Factors Perspective and the Role of Health Workers

Ratna Dian Kurniawati, Rita Setiawati, Onny Setiani, Martini — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Tuberculosis (TB) is an environmentally transmitted disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The second Tuberculosis position in the world is occupied by Indonesia after India. In 2024, the incidence of TB in men was recorded at 496 thousand cases, women with TB at 359 thousand, and children aged 0-14 years as many as 135 thousand cases. This condition requires attention in prevention efforts throughout Indonesia. The study aimed to analyze environmental factors and the role of health workers associated with TB prevention measures. Analytical observational research with a cross-sectional approach was conducted among 1,947 people, and a proportional random sample of 92 residents was drawn. Data analysis using the Chi-Square test obtained lighting (P-value=0.021), humidity (P-value=1.000), temperature (P-value=0.939), occupancy density (P-value=0.040), and the role of health workers (P-value=0.002). The study concludes that there is an association between lighting, occupancy density, and the role of health workers in TB prevention efforts. The variables that did not have an association with TB prevention measures were humidity and temperature. The results of this study can provide input for improving TB prevention and control programs that collaborate across programs and sectors. This includes enhancing outreach and strengthening the role of health cadres and community organizations to encourage communities to improve their physical home environments to create healthy, TB-free homes

DETERMINANT OF INFERTILITY: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS IN A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Infertility remains a major reproductive health problem globally, affecting 12–15% of Indonesian couples of reproductive ages. Both biological and lifestyle-related factors contribute to infertility, yet evidence on their relative influence in the Indonesian context is limited. Objectives: This study aimed to identify internal factors (tubal, uterine, ovulation, and sperm issues) and external factors (age, employment status, BMI, and smoking habits) influencing infertility. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at a government fertility clinic. A total of 343 infertile couples were included using a total sampling approach. Secondary data were extracted from medical records using a structured checklist encompassing socio-demographic, lifestyle, and clinical reproductive variables. The dependent variable was infertility type. Independent variables included age, occupation, BMI, smoking, and reproductive organ factors. Bivariate analysis was performed using Chi-square tests, and variables with p < 0.25 were entered into multiple logistic regression to determine the most influential predictors of infertility. Results: Wife’s age (p = 0.001), husband’s age (p = 0.014), ovulation disorders (p < 0.001), and sperm abnormalities (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with infertility. Multivariate analysis identified ovulation disorders (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.35–4.03) and sperm abnormalities (OR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.45–4.37) as the dominant predictors. Conclusion: Infertility among Indonesian couples is primarily influenced by ovulation and sperm abnormalities, underscoring the need for early reproductive health screening and lifestyle-based prevention strategies.

High Risk Of Gestational Hypertension And Preconception Care On Incidence Of Pregnancy Hypertension

Novi Anggraeni, Kasiati, Sabrina Dwi Prihartini — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Hypertension in pregnancy is known to contribute to a variety of serious complications leading to maternal death. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), every day about 80% of maternal deaths are caused by complications that arise during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. It was also found that out of 10 pregnant women in Jaddih Village with a gestational age of ≥20 weeks there were 2 people who experienced pre-eclampsia in the previous pregnancy. A total of 30% had carried out laboratory tests such as blood and urine tests before pregnancy, 100% received TT catin, and 50% had received information about healthy nutrition, signs of a healthy pregnancy during a consultation with a midwife before planning a pregnancy. Given that the exact cause of preeclampsia is not yet fully known, prevention measures focus on avoiding risk factors and controlling determinants that can trigger this condition. Prevention and control of risk factors can be initiated by screening for high risk of pregnancy hypertension and preconception care with the target starting before marriage..

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of high risk of pregnancy hypertension and preconception care on the incidence of pregnancy hypertension.

Methods: This type of research is observational with a cross sectional study design. The research was conducted in Jaddih Village, Bangkalan Regency April-May 2025. The sample in the study was 40 pregnant women. The sampling technique was accidental sampling. The instruments used were questionnaires and blood pressure gauges. Data analyzed by chi-square test.

Results: Less than half of pregnant women are in the adequate preconception care category and more than half of pregnant women are not at high risk of gestational hypertension.

Conclusion: High risk of pregnancy hypertension and preconception care influence the incidence of pregnancy hypertension

Effects of Stevia Leaf Extract on Blood Glucose and SOD Activity in Hyperglycemic Rats

Salsa Billa Pratami Zoni, Eti Yerizel, Rahmatini — Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Hyperglycemia is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and may induce oxidative stress through excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exceed the capacity of antioxidant defense systems. Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract (Stevia rebaudiana) contains antihyperglycemic and antioxidant compounds, including polyphenols and steviol glycosides. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of Stevia leaf extract on blood glucose levels and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity in hyperglycemic rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This experimental study involved 35 rats divided into a negative control group (K−), a positive control group (K+), and three treatment groups (P1, P2, P3) receiving Stevia rebaudiana extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight. Hyperglycemia was induced using alloxan. Blood glucose levels were measured using a digital analyzer, while SOD activity was assessed colorimetrically. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Mann–Whitney test. Results: The mean blood glucose levels in groups K−, K+, P1, P2, and P3 were 93.2 mg/dL, 371.08 mg/dL, 134.3 mg/dL, 130.42 mg/dL, and 113.22 mg/dL, respectively. The mean SOD enzyme activity in groups K−, K+, P1, P2, and P3 were 14.92 U/mL, 13.53 U/mL, 14.57 U/mL, 14.74 U/mL, and 14.93 U/mL, respectively. The P3 group, which received a dose of 400 mg/kgBW, demonstrated the greatest effect on reducing blood glucose levels and increasing SOD activity. Conclusion: Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic rats and showed a tendency to increase superoxide dismutase activity, although the differences in SOD activity were not statistically significant

Urinary Zinc Levels and Nutritional Status in Children with Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Acyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) causes increased metabolic demands and nutrient malabsorption, potentially triggering zinc deficiency. Urinary zinc measurement offers a non-invasive method to assess zinc status. This study evaluates the association between urinary zinc levels and nutritional status in children with acyanotic CHD.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study involving 50 children aged 2–60 months with echocardiography-confirmed acyanotic CHD was conducted at the Pediatric Cardiology Outpatient Clinic, DR. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, from October 2024 to August 2025. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry using WHO growth standards (weight-for-height z-scores). Spot urinary zinc levels were measured using a colorimetric zinc assay kit (Elabscience, E-BC-K137-M) with absorbance read at 560 nm. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used for group comparisons.

Results: Malnutrition prevalence reached 62% (undernutrition 32%, severe malnutrition 30%). Hypozincuria (urinary zinc <8 µmol/L) was found in 38% of subjects. A highly significant difference in urinary zinc levels was observed across nutritional status groups (p<0.001). Urinary zinc was highest in the well-nourished group (9.6±1.2 µmol/L), followed by undernutrition (8.4±1.8 µmol/L), and lowest in severe malnutrition (6.1±1.5 µmol/L). Post-hoc analysis confirmed significant differences between well-nourished and severely malnourished (p<0.001), and between undernutrition and severe malnutrition (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Urinary zinc levels are significantly associated with nutritional status in children with acyanotic CHD, particularly in those with severe malnutrition. Urinary zinc assessment may serve as a practical screening tool to identify zinc deficiency in this population and guide targeted nutritional interventions.